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<div><span><div style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%;"><h1 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 41px; border-bottom: 3px double #999; color: #000; margin-top: 14px;">git分布式版本控制工具软件</h1>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">1.作用？</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">管理软件开发项目中的源代码文件<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image.png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">2.为什么学习git这个软件?</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [1].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">3.什么是SCM?</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [2].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">4.有哪些SCM软件?</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [3].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">5.版本控制软件的基础功能</h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.1.保存和管理文件</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [4].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.2.提供客户端工具进行访问</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [5].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.3.提供不同版本文件的比对功能</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [6].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.4.集中式版本控制</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [7].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.5.文件冲突</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [8].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [9].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [10].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><strong style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700;">&lt;u&gt;(cvs,svn)由几人分配完成不同行代码的更新,当对同一行代码进行操作还是得沟通解决。<br/>
集中式版本控制,当服务器宕机,也会同时无法对文件进行下载上传更新。&lt;/u&gt;</strong></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">##5.6.分布式版本控制</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [11].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><strong style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700;"><u style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box;">在本地搭建一个和中央服务器一样的资源库,对本地库进行操作修改,最后提交库给中央服务器。</u></strong><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [12].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
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<div><span><div style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%;"><h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git简介</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [13].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">1.Git是一款分布式源代码管理工具(版本控制工具),可以快速高效地处理小型到大型项目的所有内容。<br/>
相比于Subversion、CVS、Perforce和ClearCase等SCM工具,更容易学习，占据空间更小，速度更快，还有本地分支，暂存区和工作流的功能。</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">2.Github是一个面向开源的私有软件托管平台</p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git安装(git-scm.com)</h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">1.安装git,下载镜像版本</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=git-for-windows/</p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">2.安装GitHubDesktop</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">mydown.yesky.com/pcsoft/413560803.html<br/>
汉化: https://github.com/robotze/-GitHubDesktop_ZH</p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">2.1什么是GitHubDesktop</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">GitHub Desktop 是一款用于 Windows 和 macOS 的桌面版 Git 客户端，它可以让你在桌面上使用 Git 和 GitHub。它提供了一个图形化界面，使你可以在不使用命令行的情况下进行常见的 Git 操作。你可以使用 GitHub Desktop 克隆仓库、提交更改、查看提交历史记录、分支管理等。</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">GitHub Desktop 还提供了一个与 GitHub 网站相集成的功能，使你可以直接在桌面上查看和发布 pull request、查看问题和讨论、查看代码片段和文档等。</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">GitHub Desktop 还支持多语言，包括中文。</p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git文件操作</h3>
<h5 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: #333;">1.比对文件,通过提交提交到本地仓库</h5>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [14].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [15].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h5 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: #333;">2.比对文件,本地和仓库有不同,提交会生成不同版本号的文件</h5>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [16].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [17].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h5 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: #333;">3.删除文件,删除后也要提交</h5>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [18].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [19].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">40个16进制的数字组成的版本号,提交码</p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git分支原理</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">不同用户开发不同模块,当提交的文件版本号太多,不同文件之间可能会起冲突,库也会变得复杂，不利于维护<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [20].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">引入分支观念,不同用户开发的文件提交到各自的分支(副本库)<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [21].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">分支合并，不同模块副本库的最新版本提交到最后的库,但也可能出现冲突问题，但只要解决最后一次。之前各版本文件之间可能出现冲突,不利于解决。<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [22].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [23].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">比对只针对文本文件,doc文件就看不出来</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">开发程序的同时集成(操作)github</p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">版本号</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [24].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [25].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">使用加密算法SHA-1生成的40位16进制数字，重复几率较小，可以解决版本的冲突问题。同时 2+38 还可以定位仓库中文件的位置，前两位是文件夹,后面是文件名<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [26].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [27].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [28].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git命令</h3>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">1.git bash 和 git gui的区别</h4>
<h5 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; color: #333;">GUI选项是git的图形化界面，无需命令就可以进行Git的操作。Bash选项是git的命令行界面，需要通过命令进行Git的操作</h5>
<h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git cat-file -p 版本号             查看文件,-p指友好的查看文件</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">每次对文件进行增删改都会产生提交信息,用git cat-file 版本号可以查看。第一次查看得到的是提交信息,如图:<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [29].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">其中 parent 版本号指的是上次改动的版本号,tree后面跟的也是版本号。使用git cat-file查看tree后的版本号,返回的是文件状态信息,如图<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [30].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
其中 100指的是普通文件,644表示文件权限,blob表示当前是一个普通的文件块对象。</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">继续git cat-file 版本号,可以查看其中的文件内容,如图<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [31].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">注意:增加修改删除都与.gitattributes关联,除了删除,增加和修改都会生成一个不同版本号的新文件,并且与该文件关联<br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [32].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<h4 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-size: 20px; color: #333;">分支处理中版本的变化</h4>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [33].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [34].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [35].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/><br/>
<img src="git快速入门_files/Image [36].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
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<a name="628"/>

<div><span><div style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%;"><h3 style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; font-weight: 700; font-size: 27px; color: #333;">git指令</h3>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [37].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git -v 查看git版本</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git init 在当前文件中创建仓库</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git cat-file -p 友好的查看文件</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git clone 地址 将远程仓库 克隆/下载 到本地</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git clone 地址 名称 将远程仓库 克隆/下载 到本地并换名称</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git config user.name xx 配置名字</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git config user.email xx 配置邮箱</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git config --global user.name xx 配置本地所有的名字</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git config --global user.email xx 配置本地所有的邮箱</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git status 查看暂存区状态</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">gid add a.txt 将文件提交到暂存区</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">gid add *.txt 将所有后缀为 txt 的文件 添加到暂存区</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git rm --cached a.txt 将暂存区文件退回到工作区</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git commit -m 新增文件  将文件添加到本地库 -m后跟的是 对本次操作的注释消息</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [38].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git log 查看操作日志</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git log -oneline 将日志在一行显示</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git restore a.txt      恢复误删除文件,(本地工作区删除,未提交到库),从库中拿回工作区删除的文件</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git reset --hard 版本号    恢复误删除文件,(将版本号换回另一个),从库中拿回工作区删除的文件，中间的提交过程会被丢失</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;"><img src="git快速入门_files/Image [39].png" type="image/png" data-filename="Image.png"/></p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git revert 版本号      恢复到版本号提交之前的操作</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git branch 分支名     创建分支，之前要先有过提交</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git branch -v 查看分支</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git checkout 分支名 切换分支</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git checkout -b order(分支名)    创建并切换分支</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git branch -d user(分支名)     删除分支</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git merge order(分支名) 合并分支</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git tag upfile(标签名) 版本号 给某个版本号添加标签</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git log upfile(标签名)  查看某个标签的日志</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git checkout -b addfile(标签名) 对标签所在的提交进行分支创建</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git push origin 推送到远程仓库</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">ssh-keygen -t rsa -CSSH地址 生成安全认证</p>
<p style="line-height: 160%; box-sizing: content-box; margin: 10px 0; color: #333;">git pull origin 拉取</p>
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